北京市五大水系水体浮游细菌的数量特征研究

为掌握水域浮游细菌数量分布特征及其变化情况，采用荧光显微镜细菌计数法（AODC）于2016年6月至2018年9月研究了北京市五大水系浮游细菌的数量特征。结果表明，各水系浮游细菌密度分别为潮白河水系（0.24～28.46）×104 cell/mL，大清河水系（1.34～64.00）×10⁴ cell/mL，永定河水系（0.17～6.77）×10⁴ cell/mL，北运河水系（0.24～64.00）×10⁴ cell/mL，蓟运河水系（0.80～112.00）×10⁴ cell/mL。SPSS相关分析表明，各水系浮游细菌密度与水体理化因子间的相关性存在明显差异，大清河水系细菌密度与TN（P<0.05）呈显著正相关，与TP（P<0.01）和ADP(P<0.01)呈极显著正相关；永定河水系细菌密度与TAN（P<0.05）和TP(P<0.05)呈显著正相关，与ADP（P<0.01）呈极显著正相关；蓟运河水系细菌密度与Chl-a（P<0.05）呈显著正相关；潮白河水系及北运河水系细菌密度则与各理化因子均无显著相关性。从浮游细菌数量来看,各水系水质均较好，其中永定河水系水质最优。

Quantitative Characteristics of Planktonic Bacteria in Waters of Five Major River Systems in Beijing City

In order to master the status and change rule of planktonic bacteria in the waters, the quantity of planktonic bacteria in Five Major River Systems in Beijing city was studied by means of AODC from June 2016 to September 2018. The results showed that the density of planktonic bacteria in each river system respectively was Chaobai River system (0.24-28.46)×10⁴ cell/mL, Daqing River system (1.34-64.0)×10⁴ cell/mL, Yongding River system (0.17-6.77)×10⁴ cell/mL, North Canal river system (0.24-64.00)×10⁴ cell/mL, Ji Canal river system (0.80-112.00)×10⁴ cell/mL. SPSS reciprocity analysis showed that there was significant difference in the reciprocity between planktonic bacteria density and water physical and chemical factors in each river system. The density of bacteria in Daqing River system was positively correlated with TN (P<0.05), and significantly positively correlated with TP (P<0.01) and ADP (P<0.01). The density of bacteria in Yongding River system was positively correlated with TAN (P<0.05) and TP (P<0.05), and significantly positively correlated with ADP (P<0.01). The density of bacteria in Ji Canal river system was positively correlated with Chl-a (P<0.05). There was no significant reciprocity between bacterial density and all physical and chemical factors in Chaobai River system and North Canal river system. According to the quantity of planktonic bacteria, the water quality of all river systems were good, and Yongding River system was the best.