Bitter taste receptor research comes of age: From characterization to modulation of TAS2Rs |
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| Affiliation: | 3. Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;4. Givaudan Flavors Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45216;5. Department of Drug Sciences, University of Eastern Piemonte, 28100 Novara, Italy;1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA;2. Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Institute for Environmental Medicine, Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;2. Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;2. Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;3. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The recognition of potentially harmful food components by the gustatory system is important for survival and well-being of vertebrates. The plethora of structurally diverse bitter substances present in nature is recognized by multiple bitter taste receptors belonging to the taste receptor 2 family (TAS2R) of heptahelical receptors resulting in a highly complex mechanism of bitterness perception. In particular, research on human bitter taste receptors allowed the characterization of the receptive range of most of the 25 TAS2Rs, which was a prerequisite for detailed experiments to elucidate the structure–function relationships of TAS2Rs and for the discovery of the first reasonably specific TAS2R antagonists. These new findings will be the focus of the present review. |
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