小熊猫种内遗传及亚种分化研究(食肉目:浣熊科)

到目前为止，多数学者认为小熊猫种内已分指名亚种A.f.fulgens和川西亚种A.f.styani。然而，由于其个体毛色变异较大，一些学者对其亚种分化问题提出质疑。本文采用DNA指纹方法，对小熊猫的种内遗传和亚种分化进行了研究。结果表明，川西亚种所有个体在分子量约为8.4kb处均有一条指名亚种不具有的共有谱带，指名亚种所有个体则在分子量约为1.8kb处具有另外一条川西亚种不具有的共有谱带，且这两条谱带可通过双亲遗传给子代，说明此共有谱带可分别作为区分小熊猫川西亚种和指名亚种的特征带。另外，种内的遗传分化研究表明，川西亚种基因组的多态性强于指名亚种，且川西亚种内各个体之间的遗传变异高于指各亚种，说明小熊猫种内已形成遗传分化。因此，笔者认为以上研究结果为基因水平上进一步证明小熊猫种内已产生遗传分化，并形成两独立亚种，目前的亚种地位成立。

CENETIC AND SUBSPECIES DIVERGENCES WITHIN THE RED PANDA(CARNIVORA:PROCYONIDAE)

For subspecies divergence of red panda,two subspecies of the red panda ( A.f.fulgens and A.f.styani ) have been described.However,the validity of these two subspecies is argued because of the significant variation in coloration among individuals of same subspecies.Therefore,further taxonomic study within the genus is recommended by the conservation biologists to examine the validity of the two described subspecies.In this study,DNA fingerprinting technique is applied to validate the present subspecific status of red panda.Our results obtained from DNA fingerprints indicate that all individuals of A.f.styani have a 8 4?kb band which the individuals of A.f.fulgens lack.Conversely,all individuals of A.f.fulgens share another band of 1 8?kb which individuals of A.f.styani lack.These two characteristic bands can pass on parents to offsprings,which meet Mendelian fashion.Furthermore,differences in polymorphic and genetic variations between two subspecies also indicate that the gene flow between two subspecies might become smaller and smaller after these two subspecies are formed.This further supports that there are genetic divergences of two subspecies and the status of two subspecies is valid from the view of genetic level.