Urinary Fluoride Reference Values Determined by a Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode |
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Authors: | Kan Usuda Koichi Kono Yukari Shimbo Michiko Fujihara Keiichi Fujimoto Atsuko Kawano Rei Kono Hiroshi Tsuji Eri Tanida Masafumi Imanishi Chika Fukuda Shinichi Suzuki Hiroaki Tanaka |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Preventive and Social Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City Osaka 569-8686, Japan |
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Abstract: | As fluoride has a very short half-life in the body and the major route for fluoride excretion is via the kidney, human exposure
is best measured in urine, where the concentration is expected to be highest. The urinary fluoride concentrations of 167 healthy
Japanese adults were determined by means of a fluoride ion selective electrode. When the results were corrected for a specific
gravity ρ = 1.024 g cm−3, the histogram of urinary fluoride concentrations highly skewed toward low values with sharp peakedness (skewness = 1.56,
kurtosis = 3.08). The normality of the log-transformed histogram (skewness = 0.12, kurtosis = 0.07) and the straight line
on log-probability paper clearly showed a key feature of lognormal distribution of urinary fluoride. A geometric mean (GM)
of 613.8 μg/l and 95% confidential interval (CI) of 241.0–1633.1 μg/l were established as reference values for urinary fluoride.
The results presented in this study will be useful as guidelines for the biological monitoring of fluoride in normal subjects
and individuals at risk of occupational or environmental fluoride exposure. |
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Keywords: | Fluoride Ion selective electrode method Lognormal distribution Reference values Trace elements |
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