Antagonistic Potential of Bacillus pumilus L1 Against Root‐Knot Nematode,Meloidogyne arenaria

This study was conducted to estimate the potential of Bacillus pumilus L1 against root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. B. pumilus L1 was found to produce both protease and chitinase. When various concentrations (1–10%) of the bacterial culture (BC) or 0.02–0.11 mg/ml of the crude enzymes produced by B. pumilus L1 were used to treat M. arenaria eggs and second‐stage juveniles (J2), inhibition of hatching and J2 mortality were significantly increased under in vitro conditions. In addition, the hatching inhibition and J2 mortality rate were improved with increasing concentrations of BC and the crude enzymes. Similarly, these effects also increased over time after treatment with BC. Moreover, the crude enzymes caused partial degradation of the eggshell and juvenile body when treated at 0.11 mg/ml. The pot experiment also demonstrated that the application of BC to potted soil caused significant reduction in the number of galls and egg masses in the plant roots and of the J2 population as compared to the untreated control 6 weeks after M. arenaria infestation. In addition, the simultaneous application of BC upon nematode inoculation proved more effective than application 2 days postinoculation with nematode. B. pumilus L1 inoculation (BC, BCs and BC2) also promoted tomato plant growth as compared to the controls (TW, Ne, GM and NeT). Thus, our results demonstrated the ability of B. pumilus L1 as a potential biocontrol agent against root‐knot nematode, with additional activity as a plant growth promoter for tomato.