苔藓植物生殖生态学研究

近年来苔藓植物生殖生态学研究主要集中于繁育系统、生殖代价与对策，以及不同生殖方式对种群遗传变异的影响等方面。生殖结构的原始性及其对水分的独特需求，以及雌雄异株比例较高等导致苔藓植物中有性生殖比例偏低；雌配子体很少完成整个有性生殖过程，其“真实的生殖代价”主要指雌性性表达(雌配子发生)的能耗，并且显著低于雄性性表达；基于对资源有效分配的生殖对策而导致雌性偏向及部分孢子体败育。无性生殖有利于不同生境条件下有效种群的发展与维持，其多样化的繁殖方式导致复杂的种群动态。苔藓植物具有较高的种群遗传多样性，生殖方式与种群遗传变异无直接因果关系，孢子与无性繁殖体不同的散布能力对于种群间遗传分化具有一定的影响。

Review of reproductive ecology of Bryophytes

Recently investigations on reproductive ecology of Bryophytes have got remarkably progresses, mainly including breeding system, cost and strategy of reproduction, as well as influence of reproductive pattern on genetic diversity of population. Ratios of sexual reproduction were low because of primitive reproductive pattern with particular requirement of water and common dioecious phenomenon. Frequency of sexual reproduction was especially low in female (from gamete production through sporophyte maturation), so the cost of realized sexual reproduction incurred by female was restricted to sex expression (gamete production).On average, male incurred a greater cost in gamete production than female did, so that female dominated sex ratio might be a product of a higher average cost of sex expression in male. Sporophyte abortion would be influenced by regulation of resource allocation in maternal segment. Asexual reproduction in heterogeneous habitats showed a greater fitness value, which was beneficial to population development and maintenance. Higher genetic diversity was discovered in Bryophyte population using kinds of molecular marker, and there was no direct relationship between reproductive patterns and genetic variability, but different dispersal ability between spore and vegetative fragment would arouse profound influence on population differentiation.