Role of nucleotide excision repair proteins in oxidative DNA damage repair: an updating |
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Authors: | B Pascucci M D’Errico E Parlanti S Giovannini E Dogliotti |
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Institution: | Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy. barbara.pascucci@mlib.ic.cnr.it |
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Abstract: | DNA repair is a crucial factor in maintaining a low steady-state level of oxidative DNA damage. Base excision repair (BER)
has an important role in preventing the deleterious effects of oxidative DNA damage, but recent evidence points to the involvement
of several repair pathways in this process. Oxidative damage may arise from endogenous and exogenous sources and may target
nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as RNA and proteins. The importance of preventing mutations associated with oxidative
damage is shown by a direct association between defects in BER (i.e. MYH DNA glycosylase) and colorectal cancer, but it is
becoming increasingly evident that damage by highly reactive oxygen species plays also central roles in aging and neurodegeneration.
Mutations in genes of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway are associated with diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum
and Cockayne syndrome, that involve increased skin cancer risk and/or developmental and neurological symptoms. In this review
we will provide an updating of the current evidence on the involvement of NER factors in the control of oxidative DNA damage
and will attempt to address the issue of whether this unexpected role may unlock the difficult puzzle of the pathogenesis
of these syndromes. |
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