Cyanotoxin production and phylogeny of benthic cyanobacterial strains isolated from the northeast of Brazil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, CEP 55292-270 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. D. Manoel de Medeiros, S/N Dois Irmãos, 52171-030 Recife, PE, Brazil;3. Unversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil;4. Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS)/Fundacao Nacional de Saude (FUNASA), Av. Conselheiro Rosa e Silva 1489, CEP 52050-020 Recife, PE, Brazil;5. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, CEP 13.418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;1. Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A 6th Floor, 20520 Turku, Finland;2. Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A 3rd Floor, 20520 Turku, Finland;1. University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria;2. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;1. Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all''Adige, TN, Italy;2. Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy;3. Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;1. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA;2. California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, USA;3. University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;4. San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2375 Northside Dr., Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92108, USA;1. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia;2. Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia;3. Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7042, New Zealand;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 3105, University of Waikato, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand;5. Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia;6. Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Most of the knowledge about cyanobacteria toxin production is traditionally associated with planktonic cyanobacterial blooms. However, some studies have been showing that benthic cyanobacteria can produce cyanotoxins. According to this, we aimed to evaluate the production of microcystins and saxitoxins in benthic cyanobacteria isolated from aquatic ecosystems in the Northeast of Brazil and to use a polyphasic approach for their identification. Forty-five clonal strains were isolated from rivers and water supply reservoirs, and identified using morphological and molecular phylogenetic characteristics. In order to evaluate the toxins production, the strains were screened for genes involved in the biosynthesis of microcystins and saxitoxins, positive results were confirmed and cyanotoxins quantified using HPLC. Eight species were identified belonging to the Phormidiaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae and Nostocaceae families. This is the first study in Brazil that shows that strains from the Geitlerinema genus correspond to at least three phylogenetic lineages, which possibly correspond to three distinct species to be subsequently reclassified. The strains that showed one of the genes involved in the cyanotoxins production were analyzed by HPLC and Geitlerinema amphibium, Geitlerinema lemmermannii, Cylindrospermum stagnale and Phormidium uncinatum were identified as producing one or more saxitoxins variants. Thus, this is the first report of saxitoxins production for those first three species and the first report in Brazil for P. uncinatum. |
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| Keywords: | Benthic cyanobacteria Saxitoxins Microcystin Phylogeny Semi-arid |
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