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Metabolic fluxes for nutritional flexibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors:Khushboo Borah  Tom A Mendum  Nathaniel D Hawkins  Jane L Ward  Michael H Beale  Gerald Larrouy&#x;Maumus  Apoorva Bhatt  Martine Moulin  Michael Haertlein  Gernot Strohmeier  Harald Pichler  V Trevor Forsyth  Stephan Noack  Celia W Goulding  Johnjoe McFadden  Dany J V Beste
Abstract:The co‐catabolism of multiple host‐derived carbon substrates is required by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to successfully sustain a tuberculosis infection. However, the metabolic plasticity of this pathogen and the complexity of the metabolic networks present a major obstacle in identifying those nodes most amenable to therapeutic interventions. It is therefore critical that we define the metabolic phenotypes of Mtb in different conditions. We applied metabolic flux analysis using stable isotopes and lipid fingerprinting to investigate the metabolic network of Mtb growing slowly in our steady‐state chemostat system. We demonstrate that Mtb efficiently co‐metabolises either cholesterol or glycerol, in combination with two‐carbon generating substrates without any compartmentalisation of metabolism. We discovered that partitioning of flux between the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate shunt combined with a reversible methyl citrate cycle is the critical metabolic nodes which underlie the nutritional flexibility of Mtb. These findings provide novel insights into the metabolic architecture that affords adaptability of bacteria to divergent carbon substrates and expand our fundamental knowledge about the methyl citrate cycle and the glyoxylate shunt.
Keywords:chemostat  metabolic flux  metabolism  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  tuberculosis
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