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Conformations of the d-glucarolactones and d-glucaric acid in solution
Authors:Derek Horton  Zbigniew Wałaszek
Institution:Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 U.S.A.
Abstract:The conformations of d-glucaric acid (1), d-glucaro-1,4-lactone (2), d-glucaro-6,3-lactone (3), and d-glucaro-1,4:6,3-dilactone (4) in solution were investigated by 1H-n.m.r. and 13C-p.F.t., n.m.r. spectroscopy. The solvents used were deuterium oxide, methanol-d4, and dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, and praseodymium chloride was employed as a lanthanide shift-reagent. For 2, it was found that the conformational equilibrium 3E(d)
/></figure><em>E</em><sub>3</sub>(d) exists in solution, and that the OH-5 group tends to occupy the position over the lactone ring in the favored <em>E</em><sub>3</sub>(d),<em>gg</em> conformation. The n.m.r. data for <strong>3</strong> indicated that the conformational equilibrium is shifted in favor of the <sup>4</sup><em>E</em>(d) <figure class=/></figure><em>E</em><sub>4</sub>(d),<em>gt</em> conformation in solution. The dienvelope conformation <sup>3</sup><em>E</em>:<em>E</em><sub>4</sub>(d) was found to be the favored conformation of <strong>4</strong>. For <strong>1</strong>, a conformational equilibrium between one planar, zigzag form and two sickle forms was indicated by the n.m.r. data observed. <sup>13</sup>C-N.m.r. spectroscopy proved to be a convenient method for monitoring the lactonization of <strong>1</strong>, and the hydrolysis of its lactones. Lactones other than <strong>2</strong>–<strong>4</strong> were not found in solutions prepared from <strong>1</strong>–<strong>4</strong>, either during their mutarotation or after equilibration at 30°.</td>
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