卵胞质移植的研究进展

许多研究表明,线粒体对卵母细胞的受精和胚胎发育有显著影响,卵胞质中线粒体DNA含量和ATP含量的减少,以及线粒体DNA缺失均能降低卵母细胞的受精和胚胎发育,是老龄妇女和老龄动物生育率下降的重要原因之一。卵胞质移植技术能有效改善老龄卵母细胞的受精能力和早期胚胎的发育能力,在人类已有健康后代出生,它已成为人类辅助生殖生物技术和动物克隆研究的新热点。但是,卵胞质转移也可能会导致线粒体DNA异质,即供体和受体的线粒体DNA同时存在于后代体内。目前,人们对于转入的异质卵胞质中对胚胎的发生和发育造成影响的因素并不完全了解。通过卵胞质移植研究概况、卵胞质与受精和胚胎发育、异种线粒体DNA遗传方式和卵胞质转移遗传物质的检测4个方面对卵胞质移植技术进行讨论。

Progress in Ooplasmic Transfer

Many studies indicated mitochondria in oocytoplasm affects obviously the fertilization of the oocytes and early embryo development. The decrease of ATP content and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) content, and mtDNA defects can make the fertilization of oocytes and embryo development decreased, which is the key one of reason that the reproductive ability is low in aged women and aged animal. Ooplasmic transfer increases the fertilizability of the aged oocytes and the early embryonic viability, it has led to the birth of health babies, and become a hotspot in the realm of human assisted reproduction biotechnology and animal clone. However, Ooplasmic transfer can lead to mtDNA become heteroplastic, which is the mtDNA of donor and recipient coexist in offspring. At present, how the heterogenous ooplasm influences the embryogenesis and development is not entirely clear. This paper reviews the ooplasmic transfer in summary, the relation between ooplasm and fertilization and embryo development, the heredi- tary behavior of heterogenous mitochondria DNA and it's examination after ooplasmic transfer.