经济林凋落叶浸提液对豆禾牧草生长的化感效应

摘 要【目的】化感作用是影响林下生草的主要因素之一，陕北地区红枣（Ziziphus jujuba）、核桃（Juglans regia）及苹果（Malus pumila）凋落叶的化感效应尚不明确。【方法】通过设置不同浓度红枣、核桃和苹果凋落叶浸提液（浓度为0.1，0.05，0.025，0.0125 g/mL），进行室外紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）盆栽实验。【结果】（1）核桃和苹果浸提液处理，两种牧草的生物量显著降低，其中多年生黑麦草单株鲜重仅有0.45 g，同对照组相比紫花苜蓿仅有4.70 g。株高随浸提液浓度增加先上升后降低（P＜0.05）。（2）不同浸提液处理紫花苜蓿和多年生黑麦草的丙二醛含量高于对照组，不同类型浸提液处理2种草的生化指标均表现出显著差异（P＜0.05）。（3）核桃和苹果浸提液对紫花苜蓿和多年生黑麦草的根系性状有显著差异（P＜0.05）。【结论】两种牧草的生物量对不同浸提液的响应表现为“增加或降低”作用，红枣浸提液处理更适合多年生黑麦草生长，应充分考虑紫花苜蓿和多年生黑麦草与经济林之间的相互作用。

Allelopathic effects of leaf extracts from economic forests on the growth of Fabaceae and Poaceae pasture grasses

Abstract 【Objective】 Allelopathy is one of the main factors affecting understory grass growth, and the chemosensitivity effects of fading leaves of Ziziphus jujuba, Juglans regia and Malus pumila in northern Shaanxi are not yet clear. 【Methods】 Outdoor Medicago sativa and Lolium perenne potting experiments were carried out by setting up different concentrations of Z. jujuba, J. regia and M. pumila withered leaf extracts (concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125 g/mL).【Results】 (1) The biomass of both forages was significantly reduced under the J. regia and M. pumila leachate treatments, with L. perenne having only 0.45 g fresh weight per plant, Compared to the control group, the M. sativa only had 4.70 g. Plant height first increased and then decreased with increasing concentration of the leaching solution (P < 0.05). (2) The content of malondialdehyde in M. sativa and L. perenne treated with different extracts was higher than that in the control group. The biochemical indicators of the two grasses showed significant differences in different types of extracts (P < 0.05). (3) J. regia and M. pumila extracts showed significant differences in root traits of M. sativa and L. perenne (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 The biomass of M. sativa and L. perenne respond differently to different extracts, exhibiting an "increase or decrease" effect, The treatment of Z. jujuba extract is more suitable for the growth of L. perenne, and the interaction between M. sativa and L. perenne, and economic forests should be fully considered.