Response of nodulated alfalfa to water supply,temperature and elevated CO2: productivity and water relations |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;2. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;1. USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;2. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;3. USDA-ARS U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland;2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China;3. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway;1. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain;2. Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA;3. U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA;4. Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA;1. Crop Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;2. Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 21, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark;1. Department of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick (VIC), Australia;2. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick (VIC), Australia |
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| Abstract: | Exposing plants to long-term CO2 enrichment generally leads to increases in plant biomass, total leaf area and alterations on leaf net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. However, the magnitude of such effects is dependent on the availability of other potentially limiting resources. The aim of our study was to elucidate the effects of elevated CO2, applied at different temperature and water availability regimes, on nodulated alfalfa plants. Regardless of water supply, elevated CO2 enhanced plant growth, especially when combined with increased temperature although no differences were detected until 30 days of treatment. Absence of differences in leaf relative growth rate, and gas exchange measurements, suggested that plants grown in a low water regime adjusted their growth to the amount of available water. Elevated CO2 enhanced water use efficiency because of reduced water consumption and a greater dry mass production. Increased dry matter production of plants grown under elevated CO2 and temperature was the result of stimulated photosynthetic rates, greater leaf area and water use efficiency. Lack of CO2 effect on photosynthesis of plants grown at ambient temperature might be consequence of down-regulation phenomena. Plants grown at 700 μmol mol?1 CO2 maintained control nitrogen levels, discarding enhanced nitrogen availability as the main factor explaining enhanced dry matter. |
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