Role of heel lifting in standing balance recovery: A simulation study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Physical Education, Health, and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;2. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital LinKou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan;1. Ferguson Laboratory for Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;2. Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Motion Analysis Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;3. Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran;1. Departmento de Biotecnologia, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico, D.F., Mexico;2. Cátedras CONACyT, comissioned to Instituto Nacional de Pediatrıa, S.S., 04530 Mexico, D.F., Mexico;1. Dept. of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland;2. Dept. of Geosciences of Geography, University of Helsinki, Finland;3. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland;1. Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China;2. Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Chengdu 610200, China;3. Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China;1. Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark;2. Department of Pediatrics Randers Regional Hospital and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | Although lifting the heels has frequently been observed during balance recovery, the function of this movement has generally been overlooked. The present study aimed to investigate the functional role of heel lifting during regaining balance from a perturbed state. Computer simulation was employed to objectively examine the effect of allowing/constraining heel lifting on balance performance. The human model consisted of 3 rigid body segments connected by frictionless joints. Movements were driven by joint torques depending on current joint angle, angular velocity, and activation level. Starting from forward-inclined and static straight-body postures, the optimization goal was to recover balance effectively (so that ground projection of the mass center returned to the inside of the base of support) and efficiently by adjusting ankle and hip joint activation levels. Allowing/constraining heel lifting resulted in virtually identical movements when balance was mildly perturbed at the smallest lean angle (8°). At larger lean angles (8.5° and 9°), heel lifting assisted balance recovery more evidently with larger joint movements. Partial and altered timings of ankle/hip torque activation due to constraining heel lifting reduced linear and angular momentum generation for avoiding forward falling, and resulted in hindered balancing performance. |
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| Keywords: | Ankle and hip strategies Feet-in-place balance Movement coordination Optimization Postural control |
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