Mineralized collagen fibril network spatial arrangement influences cortical bone fracture behavior |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 55a, 22529 Hamburg, Germany;2. Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;3. Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;4. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;5. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany;6. Department of Forensic Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;7. Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany |
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Abstract: | Bone is a hierarchical material exhibiting different fracture mechanisms at each length scale. At the submicroscale, the bone is composed of mineralized collagen fibrils (MCF). At this scale, the fracture processes in cortical bone have not been extensively studied in the literature. In this study, the influence of MCF size and orientation on the fracture behavior of bone under both transverse and longitudinal loading was investigated using novel 3D models of MCF networks with explicit representation of extra-fibrillar matrix. The simulation results showed that separation between MCFs was the main cause of damage and failure under transverse loading whereas under longitudinal loading, the main damage and failure mechanism was MCF rupture. When the MCF network was loaded in the transverse direction the mechanical properties increased as the orientation of fibrils deviated farther from the main fibril orientation whereas the opposite trend was observed under longitudinal loading. The fracture energy was much larger in longitudinal than transverse loading. MCF diameter variation did not affect the mechanical properties under longitudinal loading but led to higher mechanical properties with increasing MCF diameter under transverse loading. The new modeling framework established in this study generate unique information on the effect of MCF network spatial arrangement on the fracture behavior of bone at the submicroscale which is not currently possible to measure via experiments. This unique information may improve the understanding of how structural alterations at the submicroscale due to disease, age-related changes, and treatments affect the fracture processes at larger length scales. |
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Keywords: | Mineralized collagen fibril Extra-fibrillar matrix Cortical bone Cohesive finite element modeling Submicroscale |
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