Visual detection of filaria-specific IgG4 in urine using red-colored high density latex beads |
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| Authors: | Fumiaki Nagaoka Makoto Itoh Mohammad S Samad Hidekazu Takagi Mirani V Weerasooriya Thishan C Yahathugoda Moazzem Hossain Kazuhiko Moji Eisaku Kimura |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan;2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, P.O. Box 70, Galle, Sri Lanka;3. Institute of Allergy & Clinical Immunology of Bangladesh (IACIB), Green Super Market, Green Road, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh;4. Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN: Chikyu-Ken), 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The use of urine for the immunodiagnosis of lymphatic filariasis has a definite advantage: the sample collection is not invasive and thus well accepted by people. Urine-based ELISA to detect filaria-specific IgG4 has been used successfully. However, ELISA requires equipment such as a microplate reader, which is often not available in most endemic areas. We have developed a new visual immunodiagnosis that detects urinary IgG4 using red-colored latex beads (bead test). The sensitivity was 87.2% when ICT antigen test positive people were regarded as the standard (136/156), and the specificity was 97.2% with the non-endemic people in Japan and Bangladesh, and the urine ELISA negatives in Sri Lanka (1264/1300). In a prevalence study, the bead test could detect filarial infection more effectively than ICT test among young children in Sri Lanka, indicating the usefulness of the visual test in epidemiological studies. |
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