Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation—Implications for low dose risk |
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| Authors: | Munira Kadhim Sisko Salomaa Eric Wright Guido Hildebrandt Oleg V Belyakov Kevin M Prise Mark P Little |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK;2. STUK – Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 14, 00881 Helsinki, Finland;3. School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK;4. Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, Südring 75, 18051 Rostock, Germany;5. Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;6. Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, UK;7. Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;1. Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim,Germany;2. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;3. Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;4. Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians—University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;1. DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St, Dublin 8, Ireland;2. School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St, Dublin 8, Ireland;3. Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, Nuclear Research Building, 1280 Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;1. Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt;2. Department of Space Radiobiology, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China;1. Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;3. Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;1. SCK·CEN, Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium;2. Centre for Environmental Research, Universiteitslaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Non-DNA targeted effects of ionising radiation, which include genomic instability, and a variety of bystander effects including abscopal effects and bystander mediated adaptive response, have raised concerns about the magnitude of low-dose radiation risk. Genomic instability, bystander effects and adaptive responses are powered by fundamental, but not clearly understood systems that maintain tissue homeostasis. Despite excellent research in this field by various groups, there are still gaps in our understanding of the likely mechanisms associated with non-DNA targeted effects, particularly with respect to systemic (human health) consequences at low and intermediate doses of ionising radiation. Other outstanding questions include links between the different non-targeted responses and the variations in response observed between individuals and cell lines, possibly a function of genetic background. Furthermore, it is still not known what the initial target and early interactions in cells are that give rise to non-targeted responses in neighbouring or descendant cells. This paper provides a commentary on the current state of the field as a result of the non-targeted effects of ionising radiation (NOTE) Integrated Project funded by the European Union. Here we critically examine the evidence for non-targeted effects, discuss apparently contradictory results and consider implications for low-dose radiation health effects. |
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