西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区孟加拉虎的初步研究

１９９４年５～６月、９～１０月及１９９５年６～１２月，作者对西藏东南部南迦巴瓦峰和邻近地区的孟加拉虎的分布及生态进行了野外调查，初步弄清了该地区虎的现状。通过在墨脱县格当乡的抽样调查及跟踪观察虎的移动和觅食，查明了金珠藏布江流域内近两年有关虎捕食大型牲畜的报告属实。１９９３年１０月至１９９５年７月，该河谷内因虎捕食共损失牛、马和骡３０２头，估计活体总重量约５９８８１ｋｇ，平均月损失２７２２ｋｇ，相当于自然状态下１１头虎的月进食量。全乡１２个村的牲畜均受到不同程度的影响，受损的户数占该乡总户数的６２％，户牲畜损失率为７．７％～１００％不等。对其它动物的调查表明，虎大量捕食牲畜与低海拔河谷的开发和环境中虎的自然食物缺乏有关

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE BENGAL TIGER (PANTHERA TIGRIS TIGRIS) IN NAMCHA BARWA,SOUTHEASTERN TIBET This project is funded by the John D.and T.Catherine Macarthur Foundation,U S A

Between May and June,September and October 1994,June and December 1995,we conducted a study on Bengal tigers in Namcha Barwa and adjacent areas,southeastern Tibet.We determined the range of tigers and collected basic ecological information on this large predator.By tracking and independently investigating livestock predation around villages in Jinzhu Zangbu Valley,we confirmed the losses of 302 large livestock due to tiger predation between October 1993 and July 1995.A conservative estimate of the total live weight lost was 59 881 kg,which averaged 2 722 kg per month,an equivalent to the monthly intake of 11 free ranging tigers.Tiger predation affected all 12 villages and 62% households living in Jinzhu Zangbu Valley,with family loss rate of livestock ranging between 7 7% and 100%.Field observations suggest that,in addition to uncontrolled hunting,losses of lowland forest to agriculture and pasture have resulted in dwindling of the food base for tigers in the region.