食虫蝙蝠与昆虫之间的相互作用和协同进化关系

食虫蝙蝠与昆虫之间是捕食和被捕食的关系,夜行性昆虫是食虫蝙蝠主要的食物来源。在漫长的协同进化中,蝙蝠施加的捕食压力导致夜行性昆虫一系列特征的进化,其中一部分昆虫进化出能听到蝙蝠的超声波信号并采取逃跑行为或者能通过其它方式躲避蝙蝠,同时昆虫的适应性特征同样影响着蝙蝠的回声定位和捕食策略。本文从蝙蝠捕食昆虫的种类、昆虫对蝙蝠捕食的反应和食虫性蝙蝠对昆虫防卫的适应对策等三个方面对食虫蝙蝠与昆虫之间的相互关系进行了概述。

The Interaction and Coevolution between Insectivorous Bats and Insects

Nocturnal insects are the main prey of insectivorous bats. During the long process of coevolution, bats have influenced the evolution of many traits in nocturnal insects, and some insects have evolved audition, evasive behaviors or other means in response to selective pressure from bats. At the same time, the adaptability of insects have also influenced how bats use echolocation and foraging strategies. The present paper summarizes the interaction between insectivorous bats and insects through three aspects which are kinds of insect selected by bats, responses of insects and adaptive strategies of bats.