Some geometric aspects of house sparrow flocks

We analysed 50 movie films of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) foraging on an experimental grid. The location and orientation of each bird was recorded; sex of the individual was determined in about two of every three cases. Results revealed the following: (1) Flock size exhibited a weak inverse relationship to ambient temperature, though aggression was rare in the experimental patch. (2) The frequency of males in foraging groups exceeded the frequency of males in the local population. (3) Within a given flock size, nearest neighbour distances did not differ significantly between male-male and male-female pairs. However, average nearest neighbour distance was inversely related to flock size. (4) Solitaries oriented away from safety and toward a source of disturbance. Orientation of an individual within a larger group was more variable than that of a solitary, and the orientation of nearest neighbours indicated a significant tendency to keep each other in view.