The intersection between cysteine proteases,Ca2+ signalling and cancer cell apoptosis |
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Institution: | 1. School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;2. Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia |
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Abstract: | Apoptosis is a highly complex and regulated cell death pathway that safeguards the physiological balance between life and death. Over the past decade, the role of Ca2+ signalling in apoptosis and the mechanisms involved have become clearer. The initiation and execution of apoptosis is coordinated by three distinct groups of cysteines proteases: the caspase, calpain and cathepsin families. Beyond its physiological importance, the ability to evade apoptosis is a prominent hallmark of cancer cells. In this review, we will explore the involvement of Ca2+ in the regulation of caspase, calpain and cathepsin activity, and how the actions of these cysteine proteases alter intracellular Ca2+ handling during apoptosis. We will also explore how apoptosis resistance can be achieved in cancer cells through deregulation of cysteine proteases and remodelling of the Ca2+ signalling toolkit. |
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