铜绿假单胞菌群体感应信号分子PQS的功能多样性研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)是一种革兰氏阴性条件致病菌，可对免疫功能低下或损伤的患者造成持续性感染。铜绿假单胞菌能成功感染离不开其自身产生的毒力因子，而这些毒力因子大多数都受群体感应系统(quorum sensing,QS)调控。铜绿假单胞菌有4个QS系统，分别为las系统、rhl系统、pqs系统和iqs系统。2-庚基-3-羟基-4-喹诺酮(Pseudomonas quinolone signal,PQS)作为铜绿假单胞菌pqs系统的信号分子，不仅能够调控许多毒力因子的表达，也能够影响一些微生物和宿主的多种生理过程。本文总结了PQS多种生物学功能，如介导QS系统、调控生物被膜形成、介导外膜囊泡产生及铁摄取、调节宿主免疫活性、介导细胞毒性作用，以及提供种群保护等。本文旨在突出铜绿假单胞菌PQS的功能多样性，并为PQS新功能研究和抗菌药物的研发提供指导。

Research progress in functional diversity of quorum sensing signaling molecule PQS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause persistent infection in immunocompromised patients. The infection of P. aeruginosa is dependent on its virulence factors, most of which are regulated by the quorum sensing (QS) system. P. aeruginosa has four QS systems:las, rhl, pqs, and iqs. The 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (Pseudomonas quinolone signal, PQS), as a signal molecule in the pqs system of P. aeruginosa, can not only regulate the expression of diverse virulence factors but also affect a variety of physiological processes of microorganisms and hosts. This review summarizes the biological functions of PQS, such as mediating the QS system, regulating biofilm formation, mediating outer-membrane vesicle biogenesis, iron acquisition regulating host immune activities and cytotoxicity and providing population protection. The purpose of this review is to highlight the functional diversity of P. aeruginosa PQS and provide guidance for studying new PQS functions and developing antimicrobial agents.