Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;2. School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;3. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;4. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany;5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;6. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;1. Editor, Trends in Ecology and Evolution;1. Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA;1. Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA;1. Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK;2. Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4071, QLD, Australia;3. Evolutionary Demography Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock 18057, Germany;1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;2. Department of Biology (Botany), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;3. School of Geography and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;4. CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France;5. Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;6. The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA |
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| Abstract: | Animals are facing novel ‘timescapes’ in which the stimuli entraining their daily activity patterns no longer match historical conditions due to anthropogenic disturbance. However, the ecological effects (e.g., altered physiology, species interactions) of novel activity timing are virtually unknown. We reviewed 1328 studies and found relatively few focusing on anthropogenic effects on activity timing. We suggest three hypotheses to stimulate future research: (i) activity-timing mismatches determine ecological effects, (ii) duration and timing of timescape modification influence effects, and (iii) consequences of altered activity timing vary biogeographically due to broad-scale variation in factors compressing timescapes. The continued growth of sampling technologies promises to facilitate the study of the consequences of altered activity timing, with emerging applications for biodiversity conservation. |
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