Viral manipulation of cell polarity signalling |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia;2. Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia;3. Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;4. Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of biomacromolecules that enable the correct orientation of a cell in a particular direction. It is thus an essential component for appropriate tissue development and function. Viral infections can lead to dysregulation of polarity. This is associated with a poor prognosis due to viral interference with core cell polarity regulatory scaffolding proteins that often feature PDZ (PSD-95, DLG, and ZO-1) domains including Scrib, Dlg, Pals1, PatJ, Par3 and Par6. PDZ domains are also promiscuous, binding to several different partners through their C-terminal region which contain PDZ-binding motifs (PBM). Numerous viruses encode viral effector proteins that target cell polarity regulators for their benefit and include papillomaviruses, flaviviruses and coronaviruses. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action utilised by viral effector proteins to subvert host cell polarity sigalling will provide avenues for future therapeutic intervention, while at the same time enhance our understanding of cell polarity regulation and its role tissue homeostasis. |
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