基于树冠果实分布及性状差异的油茶采摘效率评价

以油茶(Camellia oleifera) 10个无性系为供试材料，分析比较无性系树冠内外果实产量、性状色泽和果实采摘特性差异，运用主成分分析法和聚类分析法进行综合评价。结果表明，长林4号和长林53号树冠内部单位面积产量和单株鲜果产量显著大于外部，长林3号、长林4号、鄂油81号、鄂油102号和鄂油151号树冠外部果实采摘效率显著大于内部；单株鲜果质量、单位面积产量和采摘效率以鄂油81号较高较快，分别达到9.88 kg、3.94 kg·m^–2、7.96 g·s^–1，其次为长林53号、长林4号、长林40号、鄂油102号和鄂油63号。运用主成分分析将17个指标归纳为4个主成分，各无性系综合排名为：鄂油81号>长林53号>长林4号>长林40号>鄂油102号>鄂油63号>长林23号>长林18号>长林3号>鄂油151号；聚类分析将10个无性系分为高产高效采收良种、低产低效采收良种和中优型良种3类。研究结果为油茶轻简化良种筛选提供依据。

Comprehensive Evaluation on Picking Efficiency of Camellia oleifera Clones Fruits Based on Their Canopy

Ten clones of Camellia oleifera were used as tested materials, the differences in fruit traits and fruit picking characteristics were analyzed and compared between outside and inside of canopy, and were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that yield per m2 and fresh fruit weight per plant of Changlin4 and Changlin53 were higher inside crown than those of outside crown, fruits picking efficiency of Changlin3, Changlin4, Eyou81, Eyou102 and Eyou151 outside crown were more than inside crown. Fresh fruit quality per plant, yield per m2, picking efficiency of Eyou81 were higher than those of other clones, which were 9.88 kg, 3.94 kg·m–2, 7.96 g·s–1 respectively, followed by Changlin53, Changlin4, Changlin40, Eyou102 and Eyou63. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the 17 indicators into four principal components. The comprehensive ranking of 10 clones was as follows: Eyou81> Changlin53> Changlin4> Changlin40> Eyou102> Eyou63> Changlin23> Changlin18> Changlin3> Eyou151. Cluster analysis divided 10 clones into three categories, which were high yield and efficient harvest varieties, low yield and low efficiency harvest varieties, and medium-excellent varieties. The research results could provide a basis for lightly simplified improved variety the screening of C. oleifera.