以杜鹃红山茶为母本的优良种间杂交父本筛选

以杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)为母本，‘绿带可娜’、‘红芙蓉’、‘迪朱丽亚’等13个观赏性较强的山茶花品种为父本，采用常规杂交育种方法，共配置13个杂交组合进行杂交试验。以坐果率、结实率、出苗率、单花成苗率作为评价亲和性的指标对杂交父本进行筛选，利用因子分析法对杂交组合亲和力进行综合评价，并采用形态鉴定法比较杂交子代与父母本主要性状差异。结果表明，‘绿带可娜’、‘玛丽费丝’、‘尼丽夫人’、‘花露珍’、‘娃丽娜深’为亲和性高的父本，杜鹃红山茶ב绿带可娜’、杜鹃红山茶ב玛丽费丝’为杂交亲和性较高的组合。杜鹃红山茶种间杂交后代花色、花型表现趋于父本，叶片更接近于母本杜鹃红山茶，杂交后代均遗传母本全年开花的特性。

Screening Excellent Pollen Parents for Hybridization of Camellia azalea as Seed Parent

In this research, Camellia azalea was used as seed parent and 13 cultivars of Camellia were used as pollen parents. A total of 13 cross combinations were designed by the conventional methods of crossbreeding. The fruit setting rate, seed setting ratio, emergence rate and single flower seedling rate were used as indexes to evaluate the affinity and the results were obtained. Factor analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the affinity of hybrid combinations. The results showed that?‘Ludaikena’, ‘Mali feisi’, ‘Nilifuren’, ‘Hualuzhen’ and ‘Walinasheng’ were screened out with high affinity for hybridization as pollen parents and C. azalea × ‘Ludaikena’, C. azalea × ‘Malifeisi’ combinations with high affinity were selected. The characteristics of flower color and flower form in C. azalea F1 depend on the characteristics of pollen parent, the leaves more similar to the female parents, and the hybrid offspring inherited the characteristics of year-round flowering of the female parents.