Complex echo classification by echo-locating bats: a review |
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Authors: | Yossi Yovel Matthias O Franz Peter Stilz Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;(2) Faculty of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences, Constance, Germany;(3) Animal Physiology, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Echo-locating bats constantly emit ultrasonic pulses and analyze the returning echoes to detect, localize, and classify objects
in their surroundings. Echo classification is essential for bats’ everyday life; for instance, it enables bats to use acoustical
landmarks for navigation and to recognize food sources from other objects. Most of the research of echo based object classification
in echo-locating bats was done in the context of simple artificial objects. These objects might represent prey, flower, or
fruit and are characterized by simple echoes with a single up to several reflectors. Bats, however, must also be able to use
echoes that return from complex structures such as plants or other types of background. Such echoes are characterized by superpositions
of many reflections that can only be described using a stochastic statistical approach. Scientists have only lately started
to address the issue of complex echo classification by echo-locating bats. Some behavioral evidence showing that bats can
classify complex echoes has been accumulated and several hypotheses have been suggested as to how they do so. Here, we present
a first review of this data. We raise some hypotheses regarding possible interpretations of the data and point out necessary
future directions that should be pursued. |
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