青刺及其护肤相关传统知识的民族植物学研究

青刺(Prinsepia utilis)为滇西北多民族地区药食同源的多年生落叶灌木,被该地区的社区群众广泛使用于传统文化、医药、食用等方面。随着现代社会的发展,青刺及相关的传统知识面临消失的危险。为探讨该地区青刺资源及其相关传统知识的保护与传承,该文基于民族植物学野外调研的基础上,采用天然药物化学与药理活性测试的方法,对青刺主要传统功效的物质基础及其护肤活性进行初步研究。结果表明:(1)在滇西北多民族聚居区,青刺被广泛用于围栏防护或防风固土、皮肤外伤的治疗、食用等多种传统用途;(2)从青刺不同部位的提取物中检测到没食子酸、槲皮素等10个有护肤活性的单体化合物;(3)青刺嫩叶提取物的总黄酮含量高于其发酵产物和青刺果提取物;(4)传统利用频率最高的青刺果油呈现出较好的DPPH自由基清除活性,不同产地和工艺之间抗氧化活性有差异。该研究结果初步验证了青刺传统护肤功效的物质基础及其相关活性之间的相关性,为青刺资源及相关传统知识的保护与传承及深度研发提供了参考。

Ethnobotanical study on Prinsepia utilis and related traditional knowledge with skin care

Prinsepia utilis is a perennial deciduous shrub of an edible medicine in the ethnic communities of Northwest Yunnan. It is widely applied in traditional culture, medicine and food in that area. With the development of modern society, P. utilis and its related traditional knowledge face the danger of disappearing. The purpose of this study was to explore the protection and inheritance of resources and related traditional knowledge of P. utilis in native area. Based on ethnobotanical field investigation, the substance basis of the main traditional functions of P. utilis and skin-caring activities were preliminarily studied by using the methods of chemical and pharmacological activity testing of natural drugs. The results were as follows:(1) P. utilis was widely used for fencing protection, wind prevention, soil fixation, the treatment of skin injury, food and other traditional usages in ethnic communities of Northwest Yunnan.(2)Ten individual compounds with skin-caring activities were detected from the extracts of different parts of P. utilis, such as gallic acid, quercetin.(3)The total flavonoid content of the extracts from the leaves of P. utilis was higher than that of the fermentation products and the extracts from the fruit of P. utilis.(4)The fruit oil of P. utilis with the highest frequency of traditional utilization showed great DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the antioxidant activity was different among different producing areas and processes. The results of this study preliminarily confirm the correlation between the substence basis and the related activities of the traditional skin-caring efficacy of P. utilis, and provide a reference for the further research and development of the protection and traditional inheritance of resources and related traditional knowledge of P. utilis.