Secondary Endosymbionts of Psyllids Have Been Acquired Multiple Times |
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| Authors: | MyLo L Thao Marta A Clark Linda Baumann Eric B Brennan Nancy A Moran Paul Baumann |
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| Institution: | (1) Microbiology Section, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8665, USA, US;(2) Plant Biology Section, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8536, USA, US;(3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, US |
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| Abstract: | Previous studies have established that psyllids (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) contain primary endosymbionts, designated as Carsonella ruddii, which cospeciate with the psyllid host. This association appears to be the consequence of a single infection of a psyllid
ancestor with a bacterium. Some psyllids may have additional secondary (S-) endosymbionts. We have cloned and sequenced the
16S–23S ribosomal RNA genes of seven representative psyllid S-endosymbionts. Comparison of the S-endosymbiont phylogenetic
trees with those of C. ruddii indicates a lack of congruence, a finding consistent with multiple infections of psyllids with different precursors of the
S-endosymbionts and/or possible horizontal transmission. Additional comparisons indicate that the S-endosymbionts are related
to members of the Enterobacteriaceae as well as to several other endosymbionts and insect-associated bacteria.
Received: 2 May 2000 / Accepted: 8 June 2000 |
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