甜荞不同品种不同海拔地区种子蛋白组分含量研究

该研究通过分析甜荞10个品种在4个不同海拔栽培的种子蛋白质组分(清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白)的含量变异,以揭示不同荞麦品种之间以及不同栽培地点甜荞种子蛋白组分的变异规律。结果表明:在所有甜荞品种种子蛋白组分含量中清蛋白谷蛋白球蛋白醇溶蛋白。其中,种植于海拔最低的内蒙古通辽的甜荞种子平均球蛋白含量最高(1.081%),而种植于海拔1 450 m的河北甜荞谷蛋白平均含量最高(2.805%);海拔2 620 m的青海甜荞清蛋白平均含量为4.750%,而在海拔最高的西藏日喀则收获的甜荞种子的醇溶蛋白最高(平均为0.393%)。另外,蒙0530在4个地区的平均种子清蛋白和谷蛋白含量都最高,而球蛋白含量最高的品种是赤甜荞1号,定甜荞2号的种子醇溶蛋白含量最高。双因素方差分析表明,种子清蛋白含量品种间变异达极显著水平,不同地点间的种子醇溶蛋白含量达极显著水平,而地点和品种两个因素对种子球蛋白含量和谷蛋白含量的变异都有极显著影响。相关性分析表明,赤甜荞1号的醇溶蛋白含量与海拔呈显著正相关,蒙0530的球蛋白含量与海拔呈显著负相关,其他品种蛋白组分与海拔的相关性不显著。该研究结果对于甜荞优质品种培育和栽培以及推广都有一定的指导意义。

Analysis of protein components in different cultivars of common buckwheat planted in different altitude areas

In order to reveal the change laws of seed protein components among different varieties and among different regions, we studied seed protein components(albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin)of ten buckwheat species cultivated in four altitude areas. The results showed that the protein component contents in all the buckwheat cultivars were albumin > glutelin > globulin > prolamin. Among four different altitude areas, the highest protein component content of buckwheat seeds in average was 4.750% of albumin in Qinghai(alt. 2 620 m)1.081% of globulin in Inner Mongolia with the lowest altitude, 0.393% of prolamin in Shigatse, Tibet, and 2.805% of glutelin in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, respectively. Moreover, on a statistical average, the variety Meng 0530 had the highest albumin and glutenin contents, Chitianqiao 1 had the highest globulin content and Dingtianqiao 2 had the highest prolamin content. The variance analysis with two factors showed that there were highly significant differences of albumin contents among the different buckwheat varieties, and significant differences of prolamin contents among the different planted sites, and that both of the varieties and planted areas had significant effects on the contents of globulin and glutelin. And the correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations of altitude with the prolamin content in Chitianqiao 1, and significant negative correlation with the globulin content in Meng 0530, but other protein component contents did not show any significant correlation with altitude. The above results are helpful to guide the common buckwheat breeding and cultivation and extension.