Cadmium and transport of ions and substances across cell membranes and epithelia |
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Authors: | Emmy Van Kerkhove Valérie Pennemans Quirine Swennen |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building C, B3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd2+) pose serious risks to human health. However, even though the importance of Cd2+ as environmental health hazards is now widely appreciated, the specific mechanisms by which it produces its adverse effects
have yet to be fully elucidated. Cd2+ is known to enter cells, it binds and interacts with a multitude of molecules, it may indirectly induce oxidative stress
and interfere with gene expression and repair of DNA. It also interacts with transport across cell membranes and epithelia
and may therefore disturb the cell’s homeostasis and function. Interaction with epithelial transport, especially in the kidney
and the liver, may have serious consequences in general health. A lot of research still needs to be done to understand the
exact way in which Cd2+ interferes with these transport phenomena. It is not always clear whether Cd2+ has primary or secondary effects on cell membrane transport. In the present review we try to summarize the work that has
been done up to now and to critically discuss the relevance of the experimental work in vitro with respect to the in vivo
situation. |
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