国外绿豆种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

以来自15个国家和地区的352份绿豆种质资源为材料,评价其5个质量性状和10个数量性状的遗传变异水平。结果表明:除美国等5个不同地区的14份材料未正常开花结荚外,其余338份材料的农艺性状具丰富的遗传变异。其中质量性状中叶形和幼茎色的遗传多样性指数最高(0.69),数量性状中荚长(2.08)和百粒重(2.07)的最高。UPGMA聚类将338份参试材料分为6大类群,各类群有其独特的性状特征,其中第5类群早熟、矮秆、大粒,可为杂交育种亲本选配提供理想亲本。亚蔬(ARC-AVRDC)(泰国)、菲律宾、印度、印度尼西亚、韩国、美国和俄罗斯等7个不同地理区域材料间具有显著的遗传变异,其中俄罗斯的遗传多样性指数最高,韩国最低;印度尼西亚的生育期较短,主茎节数、单荚粒数、单株荚数和单株产量最高,属于早熟、大粒、高产的种质,可以为我国新品种的选育提供基础材料;UPGMA聚类可将这7个不同地理区域的材料划分为3类,其中印尼和韩国的材料各被划分为一类,其他5个国家聚为第Ⅲ类,群体间的性状表现与其地理来源有一定的关系。

Genetic diversity of foreign mungbean germplasm resources by agronomic characters

In order to understand the genetic basis of foreign mungbean, broaden the kinship and improve the breeding efficiency of domestic mungbean gremplasm, we studied the genetic diversity of 352 foreign mungbean accessions from 15 countries by evaluating 5 qualitative traits and 10 quantitative traits. The results showed that there was a high level of genetic variation in 15 morphologic traits among 338 mungbean accessions except 14 accessions that could not mature for the reason of geography and climate. The genetic diversity index of leaf shape (0.69) and young stem color (0.69) were the highest in the five qualitative traits and length of straight (2.08) and 100 seed-weight (2.07) were the highest in the ten quantitative traits. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that 338 mungbean accessions were classified into 6 groups and the average yield distinctively different between groups. The Group 5 have some traits of early maturity, short stem and large grains, these accessions could be used for reference in the hybridization breeding. The mungbean accessions in Philippines, Indonesia, ARC-AVRDC, Korea, India, the United States and Russia had different characteristics and showed abundant genetic diversity; The diversity index of Russia was the highest, In contrast, the diversity index of Korea was the lowest; The accessions in Indonesia had the highest number of stem node, seeds per pod, pods number per plant and grain yield per plant and the lowest growth period, they were early-maturing, large seed sand high yield, and could be used for some basic breeding materials in our country. The accessions in seven countries were divided into 3 groups based on UPGMA, group 1 included some mungbean accessions in Indonesia, group 2 included some mungbean accessions in Korea, group 3includedthe rest of 5 populations . It indicated that there were some relationships between population traits and geogeaphical origin.