Regulation of differential pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling by glucocorticoids |
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Authors: | Ingrid Herr Nikolaus Gassler Helmut Friess Markus W Büchler |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;(2) Experimental Surgery/Molecular OncoSurgery, University and German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;(3) Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany |
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Abstract: | More than a quarter of a century ago, the phenomenon of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the majority of hematological
cells was first recognized. More recently, glucocorticoid-induced antiapoptotic signaling associated with apoptosis resistance
has been identified in cells of epithelial origin, most of malignant solid tumors and some other tissues. Despite these huge
amount of data demonstrating differential pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of glucocortioids, the underlying mechanisms of
cell type specific glucocorticoid signaling are just beginning to be described. This review summarizes our present understanding
of cell type-specific pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling induced by glucocorticoids. In the first section we give a summary
and update of known glucocorticoid-induced pathways mediating apoptosis in hematological cells. We shortly introduce mechanisms
of glucocorticoid resistance of hematological cells. We highlight and discuss the emerging molecular evidence of a general
induction of survival signaling in epithelial cells and carcinoma cells by glucocorticoids. We provide a model for glucocorticoid-induced
resistance in cells growing in a tissue formation. Thus, attachment to the extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts typical
for e.g. epithelial and tumor cells may be crucially involved in switching the balance of several interacting pathways to
survival upon treatment with glucocorticoids. |
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Keywords: | Glucocorticoids Corticosteroids Apoptosis Resistance Survival Chemotherapy |
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