碳酸酐酶的生理功能、多样性及其在CO2捕集中的应用

碳酸酐酶（carbonic anhydrase）作为一种活性中心含有锌离子的金属酶，能够可逆催化CO2生成碳酸氢盐的水合反应，该反应在生物体内承担着多样的生理学功能，具有高度的生物学意义。除广泛存在于真核生物以外，该酶在淡水、海水、嗜常温、嗜热、厌氧、好氧、致病、产酸、自养、异养等多种原核微生物中也有广泛的分布，并参与光合作用、呼吸作用和以CO2作为底物的反应，维持生理pH以及离子转运等生理过程。近年来，随着温室效应的日益加剧．生物固定CO2作为该酶的一种全新应用引起了研究者的广泛关注。回顾了碳酸酐酶作为催化剂参与CO2固定过程的历史、现状和最新发现，同时展望了未来应用的趋势。

Physiological function,diversity of carbonic anhydrase and its application

As a metalloenzyme combining a Zn^2＋ at its active centers, carbonic anhydrase catalyze reaction between CO2 and H2O reversibly, the reaction can undertakes various physiological functions in organisms. Carbonic anhydrase can exist in the eukaryote, and in diversity of prokaryotes. Evidence for the presence of carbonic anhydrase is obtained for freshwater, marine, mesophilic, thermophilic, aerobic, anaerobic, pathogenic, symbiotic, acetogenic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, and photosynthetic species. In prokaryotes, carbonic anhydrases are involved in various biochemical and physiological processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, ion transport, and CO2 and bicarbonate balance. While anthropogenic CO2 emission has led to adverse impact on climate and has been implicated in global warming, this enzyme has found a new dimension in the field of biomimetic CO2 sequestration. This paper reviews the research advances on carbonic anhydrase-driven processes for CO2 sequestration research and engineering and, suggests the possible future directions in application.