Interrelation between ischium,thigh extending muscles and locomotion in some primates |
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Authors: | Solomon Yirga |
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Institution: | (1) Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 484 Inuyama, Aichi, Japan |
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Abstract: | The relative length of the ischium varies according to the species' locomotory behavior, and is useful in estimation of the
total relative weight of all the muscles that arise from it. There are three groups of muscles which are involved in thigh
extension. Each of these muscles have other function(s) as well. When thigh extending muscles are well developed in a locomotory
category or species, it is not only as a result of a response to their function of thigh extension, but also their other functions.
In the macaques and guereza, the relative weight of the thigh extending muscles is high due to the massive hamstrings, particularly
thebiceps femoris, and the ischium is relatively long. In the chimpanzee, because theadductor magnus muscle is well developed, the relative weight of the thigh extending muscles is high, and the ischium relatively long. In
the gibbon, the relative weight of the thigh extending muscles is medium due to the feeble hamstrings and the heavyadductor magnus muscle, and the ischium is of medium relative length. The relative weight of the thigh extending muscles in the slow loris
is close to medium with none of the muscles being more dominant than the others, and having ischium of somewhat medium relative
length. In the grand and lesser bush babies, the relative weight of the thigh extending muscles and the relative length of
the ischium is medium and small respectively, with none of the groups dominating the others, although they, particularly the
lesser bush baby, have a massivesemimembranosus. Discussing the ischium in relation with the hamstring muscles alone is not satisfactory, since the ischium serves the thigh
extending muscles, includingadductor magnus andquadratus femoris ventralis, attached on it as a lever. A long lever, in these cases the ischium, is an indication of the relatively heavy muscles that
originate from it. |
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Keywords: | Functional anatomy Primates Ischium Thigh extensors Locomotion |
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