短季棉早熟性的遗传效应及其与环境互作研究

以熟期不同的9个棉花品种为亲本,按部分双列杂交配制46个组合的F1、F2,在3个不同生态环境条件下,研究了7个早熟相关性状的遗传效应及其与环境互作。结果表明:短季棉7个早熟相关性状的遗传均以加性效应为主,同时存在着显性效应,对于播种-现蕾、播种-开花和现蕾-开花还存在着上位性效应;短季棉各早熟性状的遗传效应与环境互作显著。生育期、播种-开花的狭义遗传率均较高,分别为66.1%和49.1%,且与环境互作效应较小,而果枝始节和播种-现蕾的遗传率最低,分别为19.8%和18.8%,且与环境互作达到极显著水平,现蕾-开花、开花-吐絮和株高这3个性状的遗传率及其与环境互作居中。由此说明:早熟性的遗传受环境影响较大,在生态条件差异较大的育种地点,以果枝始节和播种-现蕾作为早熟性指标进行异地选择是不可靠的,而以生育期、开花期为早熟性选择指标是比较可行的。

Genetic Effects and Environmental Interactions of Early Maturity in Short-season Cotton

Nine different cotton varieties with different maturities were arranged by partial diallel crossing to form 46 combinations and then the F_1 and F_2 of them were planted under different ecological environments to study seven traits relating to early maturity of short-season cotton and their environmental interactions.It was shown that in short-season cotton,the seven traits relating to early maturity all presented dominating additive effect while displaying dominance effects,and epistatic effects from sowing to budding,from sowing to flowering and from budding to flowering;the early maturity traits significantly interacted with the environments.The narrow heritability of the growth period and the period from sowing to budding were higher,separately reaching 66.1% and 49.1%,and interacted weakly,while the positions of the first fruiting shoots and the period from sowing to budding had the lowest narrow heritability,separately equal to 19.8% and 18.8%,and their interactions with the environments reached a significant level;the heritability of the periods from budding to flowering and flowering to boll opening,and the stem heights,as well as their interactions with environments took the second place.It was accordingly revealed that the heritability of early maturity suffered strong environmental impact and thus in environmentally different locations it was not reliable to use the position of the first fruiting shoot and the period from sowing to budding as the criteria of early maturity but feasible and practicable to use growth period and flowering time as the index of early maturity.