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Beyond Reserves: A Research Agenda for Conserving Biodiversity in Human-modified Tropical Landscapes
Authors:Robin L Chazdon  Celia A Harvey  Oliver Komar  Daniel M Griffith  Bruce G Ferguson  Miguel Martínez-Ramos  Helda Morales  Ronald Nigh  Lorena Soto-Pinto  Michiel van Breugel  Stacy M Philpott
Institution:Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, U.S.A.;Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, Virginia 22202, U.S.A.;Programa de Ciencias para la Conservación, SalvaNATURA, Colonia Flor Blanca, 33 Avenida Sur #640, San Salvador, El Salvador;Biodiversity of BOSAWAS Biosphere Reserve, Saint Louis Zoo, Managua, Nicaragua;Departamento de Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s-n, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México;Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, UNAM, AP 27-3 Santa María de Guido, CP 58089, Morelia, Michoacán, México;Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México;Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Forest Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002, U.S.A.;Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, Ohio 43606, U.S.A.
Abstract:To truly understand the current status of tropical diversity and to forecast future trends, we need to increase emphasis on the study of biodiversity in rural landscapes that are actively managed or modified by people. We present an integrated landscape approach to promote research in human-modified landscapes that includes the effects of landscape structure and dynamics on conservation of biodiversity, provision of ecosystem services, and sustainability of rural livelihoods. We propose research priorities encompassing three major areas: biodiversity, human–environment interactions, and restoration ecology. We highlight key areas where we lack knowledge and where additional understanding is most urgent for promoting conservation and sustaining rural livelihoods. Finally, we recommend participatory and multidisciplinary approaches in research and management. Lasting conservation efforts demand new alliances among conservation biologists, agroecologists, agronomists, farmers, indigenous peoples, rural social movements, foresters, social scientists, and land managers to collaborate in research, co-design conservation programs and policies, and manage human-modified landscapes in ways that enhance biodiversity conservation and promote sustainable livelihoods.
Keywords:agricultural matrix  agroecology  conservation value  ecosystem services  remnant vegetation  restoration  traditional knowledge
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