内蒙古野生马蔺种质农艺性状遗传多样性研究

以收集自内蒙古11个盟市的20个野生马蔺种质材料为研究对象,通过对其13个农艺性状指标进行主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析,探讨不同种质间的亲缘关系、遗传变异特性及其原因,为马蔺的开发利用、资源保护和育种应用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同来源的马蔺种质农艺性状表现出不同程度的变异性,变异系数范围为9.72%~300.00%,变异系数较大的性状是千粒重、胚长和发芽率,变异系数较小的性状是株高和叶宽。(2)千粒重、发芽率、吸水率、胚长、胚乳长、种子长、生殖枝数、营养枝数、叶宽、株高10个主要性状是引起不同来源马蔺种质农艺性状分化的主要指标。(3)各农艺性状间存在不同程度的相关性,经度、纬度、海拔高度是引起马蔺种质变异的主要因素,胚长、千粒重、吸水率易受生态环境因子的影响。(4)来源不同的20个马蔺种质聚为4类,绝大多数种质材料表现出明显的地域性,经、纬度相近或小生境相似的种质聚为一类。

Research on Agronomic Traits Genetic Diversity of Wild Iris Lactea in Inner Mongolia

Take 20 wild Iris lactea germplasm materials collected from 11 leagues of Inner Mongolia as the research object, through the principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis for the 13 agronomic traits, to discuss the genetic relationship between different germplasm, genetic variation characteristics and the reasons, and to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization, resources protection and breeding of Iris lactea. The results showed that: (1) The agronomic traits of Iris lactea germplasm of different sources showed different degree of variability, and the variation coefficients range of 9.72%-300%, the traits with larger variation coefficients were 1000-grain weight, embryo length and germination rate, the traits with smaller variation coefficients were plant height and leaf width. (2) 10 main traits of 1000-grain weight, germination rate, water absorption, embryo length, endosperm length, seed length, reproductive shoot, vegetative shoot, leaf width and plant height were the major indexes which led to agronomic traits differentiation of Iris lactea germplasms of different sources. (3) There were different degree correlation among the agronomic traits, longitude, latitude and altitude were the main factors causing the variation of Iris lactea germplasm, embryo length, 1000-grain weight and water absorption were easily affected by environment factors. (4) 20 Iris lactea germplasm of different sources had been clustered into 4 classes, the vast majority of the germplasm materials showed obvious regionality, the regionality in similar longitude, latitude or habitat would be clustered into one class.