三种保存条件下水稻和小麦种质资源安全保存期的分析

种子从入库保存至其发芽率降至更新发芽率标准的贮藏时间即为种质的安全保存期。在低温种质库以及室温等条件下,还未见有种质安全保存期的文献报道。本研究以水稻和小麦种子为例,分析了在国家长期库、广西中期库以及不同气候区室温保存的生活力监测数据,以了解种质安全保存期。结果表明,在国家长期库保存20~22年的3500份水稻和3279份小麦种子的生活力仍保持在较高水平;99%以上的水稻种子和96%以上的小麦种子在长期库的安全保存期超过20年。中期库保存17~19年的801份水稻种子中,有96%以上种子的安全保存期超过17年。水稻和小麦种子在6个气候区室温保存的监测结果显示,北方低温地区保存效果普遍好于南方高温地区,北方低温地区适宜含水量种子的安全保存期超过14年,可达中期保存要求。分析发现种子的安全保存期不仅与保存温度、种子含水量等保存条件有关,还与种子的初始质量、品种类型等诸多因素有关。

Safety Storage Life of Rice and Wheat Germplasm Resources at Three Storage Conditions

The safety storage life of seeds is the time taken for seed viability reduced from the original value to the regeneration standard. The safety storage life of germplasm resources under low-temperature or ambient storage is rarely studied. To address this question, the viability monitoring data of rice and wheat seeds that being stored at the National Genebank, mid-term genebank and ambient conditions were analyzed. Viability of 3500 rice accessions and 3279 wheat accessions in the National Genebank and 801 accessions in Guangxi mid-term genebank were monitored by germination test after being stored for 20 to 22 years or 17 to 19 years respectively. Results showed that over 99% rice seeds and 96% wheat seeds could be safely conserved for more than 20 years in the National Genebank. In the mid-term genebank, the safety storage life of rice was shorter than that of the National Genebank, but still over 17 years. The germination percentages of rice and wheat seeds stored under ambient condition in different climatic regions suggested that the viability of seeds kept in the low temperature region was higher than that in the warmer ones, and the safety storage life of seeds with optimum moisture contents was longer than 14 years. The length of the safety storage life was related to not only the storage conditions but also the initial quality and the variety types of the seeds.