土耳其安纳托利亚中部乔鲁姆-阿马西亚地区始新世孢粉的地层和古环境意义

主要研究安纳托利亚中部昌克勒－乔鲁姆盆地（Cankiri-Corum Basin)始新世含褐煤层中的孢粉与环境，在采尔特克组（Celtek Fm.)30块洋品共发现至少100种孢粉型，包括部分具地层意义的分子，从而确定孢粉组合的时代为中－？晚始新世，孢粉反映本组褐煤层形成于近湖沼泽环境或具有茂密低地植被的泛滥平原，在乔鲁姆－阿马西亚地区的阿姆特鲁组（Armutlu Fm.)中共发现59属，133种孢粉，包括部分现代分布在大西洋和印度－太平洋地区的曲线红树林分子，为土耳其红树林化石花粉的首次记录，说明沉积时期受到海陆的共同作用，可能为潮间带沼泽环境，奥斯曼诺格鲁组（Osmanoqlu Fm.)的褐煤层中也含有丰富的孢粉，指示地层时代为早渐新世。

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EOCENE PALYNOMORPHS OF THE CORUM-AMASYA AREA IN THE CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

The Eocene lignite-bearing sediments of the Cankiri-Corum Basin exposed in the Central Anatolia, werepalynologically examined. The Cankiri-Corum Basin was formed between the Kirsehir and Sakarya Continents as a collisionalbasin during Tertiary times. Samples were collected from Corum-Amasya area which is located in the northern part of thesuture zone.Thirty samples from the Celtek Formation have been investigated palynologically. The lignite horizon in this formationhas yielded pollen and spore-dominated palynofloras. The total palynoassemblage contains at least 100 species; among themare biostratigraphically significant taxa such as Baculatisporites gemmatus, Triatriopollenites excelsus, Triporopollenitesconstatus, Compositoipollenites rhizophorus, Caryapollenites circulus, Proxapertites operculatus, Microfoveolatosporispseudodentatus and Monocolpopollenites crassiexinus, which allow the assemblage to be dated as Middle-?Late Eocene. Thelignite seams of the Celtek Formation are interpreted to have been deposited in mires adjacent to the lakes and / or flood plainsin dense lowland vegetation.Stratigraphic miospore data recovered from the Armutlu Formation, the Corum-Amasya area, are represented by 59genera and 133 species. The botanical affinities of the miospores from the Armutlu Formation, suggest that the Middle-?LateEocene vegetation of this area comprises a mangrove association with Nypa-like palms, Verbenaceae, Theaceae, a fresh wateraquatic habitat with Nymphaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae, an arborescent vegetation with Juglandaceae, Sapotaceae, Oleaceae,Fabaceae, Icacinaceae and other palms (Aracaceae). The Restionaceae, represented by Milfordia pollen, is mainly in coastalplain to brackish-water paleoenvironment. The Middle-?Late Eocene mangrove record of the Comm-Amasya area whichcomprises the typical elements of the present Atlantic mangrove (Pelliciera) and the elements of the present Indo-Pacificmangrove (Nypa, Avicennia type marina, Avicennia type alba) has not been previously reported as fossils in Turkey. Thesediments were deposited in a marginally marine environment under terrestrial influence, as indicated by the presence of veryrare dinocysts. The overall vegetational community supports the presence of tidal swamps near the area of deposition. Thelignites of the Osmanoqlu Formation have yielded good population of sporomorphs. Among these, the identified taxa such asIntratriporopollenites instructus, Caryapollenites simplex, Gothanipollis sp., Bohlensipollis hohli, Plicapollis pseudoexcelsus,Plicatopollis lunatus, Triporopollenites robustus, are indicators of the Early Oligocene age.