膜下滴灌对新疆棉田生态系统净初级生产力、土壤异氧呼吸和CO2净交换通量的影响

2009年4-10月,通过田间试验,以传统无膜漫灌为对照,研究了膜下滴灌对我国新疆棉田生态系统净初级生产力、土壤异氧呼吸和CO2净交换通量的影响.结果表明:膜下滴灌和无膜漫灌处理下,棉田生态系统净初级生产力、土壤异氧呼吸通量和CO2净交换通量均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势.与无膜漫灌相比,膜下滴灌显著提高了棉花地上、地下生物量和净初级生产力,降低了土壤异氧呼吸通量.在整个生长季节,膜下滴灌处理的年土壤异氧呼吸通量为214 g C·m-2,低于无膜漫灌处理的317 g C·m-2;膜下滴灌处理的棉花年净初级生产力为1030 g C·m-2,显著高于无膜漫灌处理的649 g C·m-2;膜下滴灌处理比无膜漫灌处理多固定大气CO2479 g C·m-2.膜下滴灌栽培措施既提高了作物生产力,又降低了土壤CO2排放,是干旱地区一种重要的农业固碳减排措施.

Effects of drip irrigation with plastic mulching on the net primary productivity, soil heterotrophic respiration, and net CO2 exchange flux of cotton field ecosystem in Xinjiang, Northwest China

In April-October, 2009, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of drip irrigation with plastic mulching (MD) on the net primary productivity (NPP), soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) , and net CO2 exchange flux (NEF(CO2)) of cotton field ecosystem in Xinjiang, taking the traditional flood irrigation with no mulching (NF) as the control. With the increasing time, the NPP, Rh, and NEF(CO2) in treatments MD and NF all presented a trend of increasing first and decreased then. As compared with NF, MD increased the aboveground and belowground biomass and the NPP of cotton, and decreased the Rh. Over the whole growth period, the Rh in treatment MD (214 g C x m(-2)) was smaller than that in treatment NF (317 g C x m(-2)), but the NEF(CO2) in treatment MD (1030 g C x m(-2)) was higher than that in treatment NF (649 g C x m(-2)). Treatment MD could fix the atmospheric CO2 approximately 479 g C x m(-2) higher than treatment NF. Drip irrigation with plastic mulching could promote crop productivity while decreasing soil CO2 emission, being an important agricultural measure for the carbon sequestration and emission reduction of cropland ecosystems in arid area.