Aspects of the spawning of western Atlantic butterflyfishes (Pisces: Chaetodontidae) |
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Authors: | Patrick L Colin |
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Institution: | (1) Caribbean Marine Research Center, 100 East 17th Street, Riviera Beach, FL, 33404, U.S.A.;(2) Present address: CMRC, c/o Florida State University Marine Laboratory, Rt. 1, Box 456, Sopchoppy, FL, 32358, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | Synopsis The status of knowledge of spawning among the five shallow waterChaetodon species in the western Atlantic is reviewed. Spawning has been observed for three species in Puerto Rico, St. Croix and the
Bahamas, with possible courtship in a fourth.Chaetodon aculeatus spawned near the time of sunset over objects on the reef as single female/male pairs or as two females and one male, with
pair spawning in rapid succession. Spawning occurred during much of the lunar month from February to April and it is uncertain
whether any lunar periodicity to spawning exists. Male-male aggression was noted. Spawning sites (coral heads) were alternated
daily and it is likely that females spawn only once every two days. A single female produced as many as 2090 eggs in a single
spawning.Chaetodon capistratus spawned during much of the lunar month from February to April. It spawned about 5 min afterC. aculeatus, occasionally using the same sites, and alternated sites daily. A female produced as many as 3710 eggs in one spawning.Chaetodon striatus spawned from February to April but it is unknown if it has any lunar spawning cycle. No predation attempts by piscivores
on spawning adults were seen. Predation byMelichthys niger on eggs ofC. striatus occurred. No egg predation was observed forC. aculeatus andC. capistratus. With an assumed four month reproductive season, alternate day spawning and observed egg production values,C. aculeatus andC. capistratus produce respectively about 100 000 and 200 000 eggs per large female per year. The reproductive strategy of smaller species
may be to produce moderate numbers of eggs per day over a spawning season of at least a few months while larger species may
produce more eggs per day for a shorter period. |
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Keywords: | Eggs Lunar periodicity Seasonality Predation Coral reefs Aggression Western Atlantic |
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