Aluminum induces changes in the orientation of microtubules and the division plane in root meristem of Zea mays |
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Authors: | Seju Kim Youngsook Lee |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Life Science, School of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Hyoja-Dong San 31, 790-784 Pohang, Korea |
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Abstract: | Aluminum (Al) induces agricultural problems limiting crop productivity in acid soils. Since Al causes morphological changes
in roots, and because microtubules (MTs) play important roles in determination of tissue morphology, we investigated whether
Al affects the arrangement of MTs in maize root meristem using immunolocalization techniques. When seedling roots were treated
with 50 μM Al, the orientations of MTs were dramatically altered in a population of cells located in the protoderm and the
two outer layers of cortex: interphase cortical MT arrays lost their normal transverse organization and became random or longitudinal;
the preprophase band of MTs, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast developed at planes 90° rotated compared to their counterparts
in controls. These changes in MT orientation resulted in the change of the division plane from transverse to longitudinal,
producing daughter cells positioned side by side instead of above and below. The rotation of the otherwise normal MT arrays
and the division plane in Al-treated roots indicates that Al interferes with the normal polarity sensing mechanism, which
may contribute to the reduced axial growth of the Al-treated roots. |
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Keywords: | Aluminum cell division microtubule polarity root tip |
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