The use of enzyme mixtures for complex biosyntheses

Biocatalysis is currently employed to produce known substances more economically and for the synthesis of new compounds. Increased production or novel product synthesis can be achieved through the use of mutant organisms, tailored enzymes or novel combinations of enzymes in reactors. These complex biosyntheses, once only in the realm of the biopharmaceutical industry, have now been embraced by the food and textile industries and are finding geochemical and environmental applications. New uses are dictating novel methods of manufacture that utilize knowledge of systems level biology. Increased understanding of the functional interaction of proteins and protein-protein networks is also altering the practice of in vitro biosynthesis.