轮状病毒感染实验室诊断研究进展

Advances in laboratory diagnostic approaches for rotavirus

Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of acute dehydrated gastroenteritis among children under 5 years old worldwide. Nonetheless, viral gastroenteritis is often difficult to differentiate from gastroenteritis caused by enteric bacteria on the basis of clinical presentation. Therefore, laboratory tests are required for adequate specific diagnosis. Therefore, laboratory tests are required for adequate specific diagnosis. Different detecting methods suit for different situations. Traditional morphological and immunological methods are substituted by molecular diagnostic method, which have high specificity and sensibility. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the basic assays that provide the platform for development of several efficient diagnostics such as gold immunochromatographic Assay(GICA) and real time RT-PCR have already used in diagnosing rotavirus. However, the sensibility of GICA cannot support itself for detecting low concentrations of antigen. For RT-PCR, it takes too long to diagnose rotavirus. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), microarrays and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, several diagnostics for other virus might be applied to Rotavirus diagnosis such as Peptide nucleic acid(PNA), NASBA-CRISPR cleavage, Aptamers, these diagnostics can amplify fragments of virus specifically and make the detection cheaper and quicker. In this article, we review the methods and advanced technologies of rotavirus detection.