广谱抗冠状病毒疫苗及抗冠状病毒多肽的研究进展

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19)暴发，给人类公共卫生安全和全球经济发展造成了严重威胁。疫苗和药物是防治疫情的重要手段，但目前研发的针对冠状病毒的疫苗和药物大多以SARS-CoV-2为靶点，该病毒若发生重大突变或出现新的高致病性冠状病毒，目前研发的有效疫苗或药物可能会无效，而且疫苗和新药的研发往往比较滞后，难以在疫情发生早期投入使用。因此，亟须研发高效、安全、广谱的冠状病毒疫苗和药物，以应对未来可能出现的冠状病毒疫情。本文对广谱冠状病毒疫苗和抗冠状病毒多肽的研究进展进行综述，期望为研发此类疫苗和药物提供参考。

Broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus vaccines and peptides: combating the emerging and reemerging coronavirus diseases

The pandemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a serious threat to global public health and economic development. Vaccines and antiviral drugs are important means for combating the epidemic. Most of the vaccines and therapeutics currently being developed are specific for SARS-CoV-2, which may become ineffective if the virus makes major mutation(s) or another highly pathogenic coronavirus emerges. Because the development of a vaccine and a new antiviral drug is often lagging behind, it is difficult to put them into use quickly in the early stage of the outbreak. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop efficient, safe and broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus vaccines and drugs to combat the possible outbreaks of new coronavirus disease in the future. Here we review the progress of research and development of broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus vaccines and peptides, providing our opinions and suggestions on the development of such vaccines and therapeutics.