Effects of Agitating Culture Condition on the Growth,Metabolic and Carotenoid Profiles of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lemna paucicostata</Emphasis>

The effects of agitating culture conditions on the growth, metabolic and carotenoid profiles of Lemna paucicostata were investigated in this study using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Lemna paucicostata cultivated under static and agitating conditions showed no significant difference in total plant growth. Various alcohols, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, sugars, and phenolic compounds were identified in the sample. The higher relative yields of ferulic acid and GABA were obtained under the agitating condition on day 28, whereas that of coumaric acid was higher under the static condition on day 42. Significantly higher relative yields of antheraxanthin and lutein were achieved under agitation condition than static condition on day 42. In addition, fucoxanthinol was identified for the first time in L. paucicostata culture. The results of this study suggest that static and agitating culture conditions, as well as optimal harvest timing, should be selected according to the target products including ferulic acid, GABA, coumaric acid, antheraxanthin and lutein in L. paucicostata culture.