肥叶碱蓬叶和茎的解剖结构研究

应用光学显微镜对生长在宁夏中卫盐碱荒漠的肥叶碱蓬的茎和叶解剖结构进行了观察和研究,结果表明:该植物表现出许多适应干旱和盐碱土环境的特点,其基本特征为:叶为肉棒状的等面叶,茎叶表皮细胞具有较厚的角质层,个别表皮细胞形成乳凸状的泌盐细胞。栅栏组织为环栅形,叶内有大的贮水细胞,在贮水细胞之间散布有晶体细胞。叶脉维管束不发达。茎有少量的次生生长,它的结构中髓部发达,并有贮水功能,茎发育后期产生异常结构等。同时肥叶碱蓬的茎和叶结构还有三点特殊之处:(1)叶表皮下有一层排列相当疏松的薄壁细胞;(2)栅栏组织里侧是一层贮藏细胞,在贮藏细胞中细胞核和液泡分布于外侧,内含物沉积于内侧。(3)叶脉维管束导管末端不深入到栅栏组织中。上述结构和特征反映出肥叶碱蓬对干旱、盐碱土生境适应的多样性,也为旱生和盐生植物的生理学研究提供新的实验证据。

Study on anatomical charateristics of the leaf and stem of Suaeda kossinskyi Iljin

We observed and studied anatimical characteristics of the leaf and stem of Suaeda kossinskyi growing in the salt alkali desert in Zhongwei of province Ningxia under the apply optical microscope. The result makes known that the plant expresses many characteristics adapting living in the arid and saline alkali soil. The essential features are as the follows: isobilateral and fleshy leaf looked like club; the more thick superficial cuticle on the epidermic cells of leaf and stem, the very few of which being nipple salt cell; palisade tissue ringlikely; great water storing cells in leaf; crystal cell scattered among water storing cells; vascular bundles of vein nondeveloped; a little secondary growth in the stem; the developed pith in the structure of stem; furthermore, the pith having water storing function; abnormal structure appearing in the later period of stem development, etc. In addition, there are three specific characteristics in leaf stem of Suaeda kossinskyi : (1)There is a layer thin wall cells arranging loosely in epidermic leaf; (2)It is a layer storage cells in inner of palisade tissue, the nucleus and vacuole of storage cells distribute in outer, and ergastic substance is deposited in inner. (3)Vessel end of vascular bundles of vein does not go deep into palisade tissue. These structures and characteristics show the diversity of Suaeda kossinskyi adapting living in the arid and saline alkali soil,and will furnish a new experiment evidence for physiology study on xerophyte and euhalophyte.