X chromosome imprinting and inactivation in preimplantation mammalian embryos |
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Authors: | Latham Keith E |
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Affiliation: | The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and The Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. klatham@temple.edu |
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Abstract: | Dosage compensation for the mammalian X chromosome involves the silencing of one X chromosome to achieve equal X-linked gene expression between males and females. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is controlled by a complex set of genetic elements located in a region known as the X chromosome inactivation center, and is regulated by a combination of genomic imprinting, cell lineage-dependent erasure of imprinting, an unidentified mechanism of X chromosome counting, an incompletely understood means of selection of one X chromosome for inactivation and developmentally regulated changes in X chromosome chromatin. A detailed understanding of when and how these components of XCI occur is essential for elucidating the operative mechanisms. A model accounting for early events related to XCI, including observations in uniparental and aneuploid embryos, is presented. |
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