生物多样性的自组织、起源和演化

生命系统是典型的自组织系统，系统中的多样性和复杂性存在着涨落，巨涨落在生物多样性上表现为生物的大规模爆发和灭绝，微涨落则为常规发生和背景灭绝，不断增加多样性是生命系统的内在属性，而实际多样性由自然选择决定，低选择压有利于生物多样性的产生，系统中过于优势的单一成分抑制多样性，系统的复杂性相变存在临界点，临界点定，低选择压有利于生物多样性的产生，系统中过于优势的单一成分抑制多样性，系统的复杂性相变存在临界点，临界点之上可自发产生正反馈的繁荣，临界点之下会发生趋于简单性的相变。上述原理可应用在生物多样性研究和保护中，例如研究特定系统的相变临界点，以便在配置系统组分时使复杂性超过其相变临界点，促使多样性的维持和增长由“被组织”进入“自组织”的可持续发展。

On the self-organizing, original and evolution of the biodiversity

Life system is the typical self\|organization system,in which there are fluctuations in the diversity and complexity. Huge fluctuation displays eruption and mass extinction of life in biodiversity, while tiny fluctuations display a normal origin and background extinction. The continuous increasing of biodiversity is the inherent property of life system. Actual biodiversity is determined by natural selection. Low selective pressure makes for the spontaneity emergence of biodiversity, the excessively dominant unitary element in a system restrains the diversity. The phase transition of the complexity of the system exists a critical point,and there would occurs the phase-transition toward the boom by the positive feed back when it is above the critical point,while it would toward the simplicity when it is under the critical point. The principles above could be regarded in the studies for the conservation of biodiversity, such as, to find out the critical point of the phase\|transition from simple to complex of a certain ecosystem, then collocate the elements of the system to force the complexity exceed the phase\|transition point. That causes the maintaining and increasing of the biodiversity from being\|organization to self\|organization.